Investigation and analysis of myopia and ocular biological parameters of primary and secondary school students in Urumqi / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the differences of myopia and ocular biological parameters of primary and middle school students in Urumqi.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey. A total of 2 495 primary and middle school students aged 7 to 18 from 4 schools in Urumqi were selected by judgemental sampling from September 2021 to November 2021 for relevant eye examination. The differences of ocular biological parameters and refractive status of students of different ages, genders and nationalities were compared, and the correlation between spherical equivalent(SE)and ocular biological parameters was analyzed.RESULTS: The detection rate of poor vision among the students was 80.36%, the detection rate of myopia was 55.91%, and the detection rate of astigmatism was 42.96%, among which the detection rate of low myopia was 63.80%, the detection rate of moderate myopia was 27.60%, and the detection rate of high myopia was 8.60%. There were significant differences in the detection rate of poor vision, myopia, astigmatism, SE and some ocular biological parameters among students of different ages and nationalities(all P<0.05). Among them, the detection rate of myopia, astigmatism and poor vision among Uygur and Kazakh ethnic groups was significantly lower than that of Han. The detection rate of poor vision and myopia among boys was lower than that among girls, while the detection rate of astigmatism was higher than that of girls. Spearman correlation analysis showed that axis length of eye, axial length to axial ratio, anterior chamber depth, and pupil diameter were negatively correlated with SE(rs=-0.664, -0.724, -0.320, -0.086, all P<0.001), and lens thickness was positively correlated with SE(rs=0.147, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi is high, and there are differences in the distribution of ocular biological parameters among children and adolescents of different ages and ethnicities.

Mechanism Study on Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Nodular Goiter / 中国结合医学杂志

Nodular goiter has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. Clinically, there has been a burgeoning interest in nodular goiter due to the risk of progression to thyroid cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine (CM) in nodular goiter. Articles were systematically retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. New evidence showed that CM exhibited multi-pathway and multi-target characteristics in the treatment of nodular goiter, involving hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, oxidative stress, blood rheology, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy, especially inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of cell apoptosis, involving multiple signal pathways and a variety of cytokines. This review provides a scientific basis for the therapeutic use of CM against nodular goiter. Nonetheless, future studies are warranted to identify more regulatory genes and pathways to provide new approaches for the treatment of nodular goiter.

Prevalence of astigmatism in children and adolescents aged 7-19 years in some areas of Xinjiang / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the status of astigmatism in children and adolescents aged 7-19 years in some areas of Xinjiang, and to analyze the distribution of astigmatism in children and adolescents in Xinjiang.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. This study took a purposive sampling survey of 41 schools in some areas of Xinjiang, including 20 primary schools and 21 middle schools, from May 2019 to December 2019. A total of 71 838 children and adolescents were included as the survey objects for relevant eye examinations.RESULTS: Among 71 838 students, 35 888 were found to have astigmatism(column ≤ -0.50D), and the astigmatism detection rate was 49.96%. The differences of astigmatism detection rate among different ages, genders, education levels, regions and ethnic groups were statistically significant(all <i>P</i><0.001). The detection rate of astigmatism increased with age from 7-16 years old, and reached the highest rate of 57.60% at 16 years old. The detection rate of astigmatism decreased from 16-19 years old, and the overall detection rate of astigmatism increased with age. With the increase of education level, the detection rate of astigmatism increases, and the detection rate of male astigmatism(51.25%)is higher than that of female astigmatism(48.62%). The detection rate of astigmatism in provincial capital cities(50.99%)is higher than that in non-provincial capital cities(48.05%); the detection rate of astigmatism in Han(53.41%)was higher than that in Uyghur(40.17%), Kazakhs(48.23%), Kyrgys(45.56%)and Hui(48.87%). The astigmatism type was mainly with-the-rule astigmatism(74.53%), and with the increase of age, the composition ratio of with-the-rule astigmatism decreased, while the composition ratio of against-the-rule astigmatism and oblique astigmatism increased. The final results of Logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, nationality, region and education level were all influential factors of astigmatism.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of astigmatism in children and adolescents aged 7-19 years in some areas of Xinjiang is 49.96%, and the astigmatism is mainly with-the-rule astigmatism(74.53%). Age, gender, nationality, region and education level are the influential factors of astigmatism.

Investigation and analysis of dry eye condition of residents in Hotan, Xinjiang / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the prevalence and potential risk factors of dry eye among residents in Hotan, Xinjiang, China.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 6 027 residents aged 18-98 from 105 villages in Hotan, Xinjiang, China from January 2019 to September 2019. The subjective symptoms of dry eye were collected by ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire, and the objective signs were collected by testing fluorescein breakup time(FBUT)and Schirmer Ⅰ test, so as to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye.RESULTS: A total of 6 339 subjects aged 18-98 years were recruited from residents in Hotan, Xinjiang, China. Relevant eye examinations and questionnaires were conducted on the subjects, of which 6 027 were valid questionnaires, with an effective recovery rate of 95.08%. The dry eye detection rate of 6 027 residents was 40.37%(2 433/6 027), and the dry eye detection rates of male and female were 36.47%(846/2 320)and 42.81%(1 587/3 707)respectively. The dry eye detection rates of 18-24 years old, 25-34 years old, 35-44 years old, 45-54 years old, 55-64 years old, and ≥65 years old were 13.77%, 15.67%, 33.31%, 46.35%, 47.65%, 53.50%, respectively. According to the severity of dry eye, they were divided into mild dry eye, moderate dry eye and severe dry eye, and their constituent ratios were 80.11%, 19.03% and 0.86%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dry eye in the study population was 40.37%. The prevalence of dry eye in female was higher than that in male, and the prevalence of dry eye increased with the increase of age. Older age and female are the risk factors for dry eye.

Development of a double-antibody sandwich ELISA targeting the receptor binding domain of TcdB toxin of ST11 type Clostridium difficile of porcine origin / 生物工程学报

Clostridium difficile is an important zoonotic intestinal pathogen, which is widely present in humans and a variety of animals. The ST11 type C. difficile is one of the most widespread and harmful subtypes in the world. As a large country in pig farming, China lacks efficient methods for detecting C. difficile of porcine origin, leaving hidden dangers for the prevention and control of C. difficile. The aim of this study was to develop a specific and sensitive double-antibody sandwich ELISA for the epidemiological investigation of ST11 type C. difficile of porcine origin. Firstly, a 97 kDa receptor binding domain (RBD) was expressed in a prokaryotic host and purified. A hybridoma cell line AE2D3 capable of stably secreting monoclonal antibody targeting the RBD was screened, and the antibody subtype was determined to be IgG2b (κ). Secondly, a double antibody sandwich ELISA method was developed, where the monoclonal antibody targeting the RBD was used as a detection antibody, and the rabbit polyclonal antibody was used as a capture antibody. The chessboard method was used to determine the matching concentration of the capture antibody and the detection antibody, the antigen coating conditions, the blocking conditions, the incubation conditions for detection antibody and samples to be tested, as well as the reaction conditions of HRP-conjugated and reaction conditions of TMB chromogenic solution. The negative cutoff OD450 was 0.152, and no cross-reaction with 13 strains of non-ST11 type C. difficile was found. The minimum detection concentration of RBD was 8.83 ng/mL. This specific and sensitive double-antibody sandwich ELISA provides a reliable serological detection method for epidemiological investigation of the ST11 type C. difficile in pig industry.

Latest progress of study on etiology of myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#In recent years, with the development of social economy, the progress of science and technology and the change of life style, the prevalence of myopia has increased year by year and has a younger trend, and with the outbreak of COVID-19, children and adolescents attending short-distance online classes for a long time has accelerated the occurrence and development of myopia. Visual impairment caused by myopia and serious complications caused by high myopia have seriously affected people's quality of life, study and work. Therefore, the World Health Organization, the International Association for the Prevention of Blindness and China's health departments have put the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents on the agenda. However, the etiology is complex, and now it is considered to be related to genetic, environmental and other factors, which is briefly discussed in this review.

Effect of Reinforcing Qi and Activating Blood Recipe on Ventricular Remodeling in Rats with Chronic Heart Failure and Mechanisms Involved / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To observe the intervention effect of Yiqi Huoxue recipe (YQHX) on ventricular remodeling in rats with chronic heart failure, in order to explore its mechanism. Method::Among 40 male SD rats, 10 were randomly selected as the sham operation group. The left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was performed to construct the chronic heart failure(CHF) rat model. After modeling, they were randomly divided into model group, captopril group(13.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) and YQHX group (20 g·kg-1·d-1), and orally given the corresponding drugs. After 8 weeks of intervention, cardiac tissues were collected, body mass and heart mass were weighed, and echocardiography were performed to detect the changes in cardiac structure. Masson staining was performed to determine the myocardial interstitial collagen volume fraction. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) and cleavage protein dynamic-related protein 1 (Drpl). The quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR)was applied to detect the expressions of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related factors such as lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin. Result::Compared with the sham group, the left ventricular wall of the model group was significantly thickened (P<0.05), the cardiac cavity was significantly enlarged, and the content of collagen in the myocardial interstitium was increased (P<0.01). The expression level of Opal decreased, the expression level of Drp1 increased (P<0.05), the mRNA expression level of LRP6, GSK-3, and β-catenin increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, YQHX group can reduce ventricular wall thickening, heart chamber enlargement, myocardial interstitial collagen content, up-regulate the low expression of Opa1, but down-regulate the high expressions of Drpl, LRP6, GSK-3β, β-catenin(P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::YQHX can effectively alleviate ventricular remodeling and improve mitochondrial energy metabolism in rats with CHF. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin related factors.

Prognostic analysis of drug-eluting stent implantation and coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease complicated with chronic renal failure / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To analyze the long-term prognosis of undergoing drug-eluting stent implantation (DES) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with unprotected left main (ULM) coronary artery disease complicated with chronic renal failure (CRF).Methods:Patients with UML coronary artery disease complicated with CRF admitted to the department of cardiology intensive care unit (ICU) and cardiac surgery ICU of Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were enrolled. According to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the patients were divided into two layers, and the clinical characteristics of DES patients and CABG patients were analyzed. Log-Rank method and Cox regression were used to analyze the coronary artery disease and long-term clinical prognosis of patients with two surgical strategies.Results:A total of 353 patients were enrolled, including 150 patients with eGFR < 45 mL·min -1·1.73 m -2 (DES 67 cases, CABG 83 cases), eGFR 45-59 mL·min -1·1.73 m -2 in 203 cases (DES 80 cases, CABG 123 cases). In terms of demography and clinical history, compared with CABG group, DES group had lower proportion of complete revascularization and lower proportion of chronic totalocclusion (CTO) and multi vessel disease in each eGFR level. All patients were followed up for an average of (30.74±15.05) months. Log-Rank analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events (MACCE), all-cause death, cardiogenic death and stroke between DES group and CABG group in each eGFR level. In eGFR 45-59 mL·min -1·1.73 m -2, the proportion of target vessel revascularization (TVR) in DES group was higher than that in CABG group (18.8% vs. 0.8%, P < 0.01); in eGFR < 45 mL·min -1·1.73 m -2, the incidence of myocardial infarction in DES group was higher than that in CABG group (10.4% vs. 1.2%, P < 0.05). Cox analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, history of hypertension, diabetes, left ventricular ejection fraction, smoking history, previous cerebrovascular disease, complete revascularization, multiple vessel disease and CTO, TVR proportion in DES group was still higher than that in CABG group in eGFR 45-59 mL·min -1·1.73 m -2 [hazard ratio ( HR) = 46.463, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 4.558-473.693, P = 0.001]; in eGFR < 45 mL·min -1·1.73 m -2, the incidence of myocardial infarction in DES group was still higher than that in CABG group ( HR = 14.098, 95% CI was 1.123-176.988, P = 0.040), there was no difference in TVR proportion between the two methods. Conclusions:eGFR < 45 mL·min -1·1.73 m -2 is an independent risk factor for DES in ULM patients. DES is safe and effective for ULM patients with CRF, but for patients with more severe CRF (eGFR < 45 mL·min -1·1.73 m -2), there was more myocardial infarction in DES group than that in CABG group, which should be carefully selected.

Risk factor analysis of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of clinicopathological factors on the recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT)after radical resection.METHODS: The data of patients with HCC who underwent radical resection between January 2000 and December 2014 in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were analyzed retrospectively.Clinical and pathological data from first resection to the recurrence of HCC with PVTT were extracted in the form of data tables.All patients were divided into PVTT group and non PVTT group according to the occurence of PVTT at time of HCC recurrence,and the risk factors of PVTT formation were analyzed.Risk factors influencing the formation time,from radical resection to HCC recurrence,were analyzed in recurrent HCC patients with PVTT.RESULTS: Univariate analysis results showed that patients having HCC with multiple tumors,no tumor capsule,and Child-pugh B grade had a high proportion of PVTT when HCC recurred.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that multiple tumors,no tumor capsule,and Childpugh B grade were independent risk factors for PVTT formation after radical resection of HCCA predictive model was established on the basis of the three risk factors(1 point for each factor).ROC curve showed the total model score has certain predictive value.The area under the curve was 0.662(P=0.003,95% CI:0.557-0.766),cut-off value was 0.5 points,Youden index was 0.302(sensitivity=60.0%,specificity=70.2%).The higher the model score,the shorter the tumor-free survival time(P=0.007),and the higher the incidence of PVTT recurrence(P=0.001).The results of Kaplan-Meier(log-rank test)and multivariate analysis of Cox regression model showed that lower differentiation of HCC was an independent risk factor influencing the time from radical resection to HCC recurrence with PVTT(P=0.000). CONCLUSION: Patients with multiple tumor foci,no tumor capsule and Child grade B grade liver cancer are more likely to recur with PVTT after RO operation.And among them,the low differentiation of liver cancer grows faster.A closer follow-up or preventive treatment of patients with high-risk factors may improve prognosis.

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Serial Reaction Time Task / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on electroencephalography (EEG) rhythm and cognitive function. Methods:In December, 2017, 60 healthy young volunteers were divided into four groups equally, who accepted 20 Hz real or sham tACS on left C3 or right C4. They were asked to complete four types of finger sequence key pressing tasks (left/right hand random/regular key pressing) before and after stimulation, while the EEG signals were collected and the reaction time and accuracy were observed. EEG signals were analyzed with multiple difference analysis of event-related spectral perturbation. Results:The reaction time of contralateral hand reduced after C4 real stimulation. Conclusion:Right 20 Hz tACS can improve the learning of contralateral limb sequential movement.

Correlation Analysis of XRCC1 rs25487 Polymorphism with the Occurrence of Lung Cancer / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation of XRCC1 rs25487 polymorphism with the occurrence of lung cancer. METHODS:A total of 208 patients with primary lung cancer of Han nationality in Northern Jiangsu selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University during Sept. 2015-Jul. 2016 were included in lung cancer group. A total of 214 healthy volunteers of the hospital underwent physical examination were included in control group. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the genotypes at XRCC1 rs25487 locus,and Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the correlation of genotypes with the occurrence of lung cancer. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in the distribution of age and gender between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The proportion of smoker in lung cancer group was significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05). AA,AG and GG genotypes were detected at rs25487 locus of XRCC1 gene. The frequency of AA,AG and GG genotype were 43.5%,41.1%and 15.4% in control group and 28.8%,48.6% and 22.6% in lung cancer group,respectively. The frequencies of genotypes in 2 groups were in line with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P＞0.05),but there was statistical significance in genotype distribution between 2 groups(P＜0.05). Compared with AA genotype,the risk of lung cancer in individuals carrying AG genotype increased by 2.265 fold [OR＝2.265,95%CI(1.299,3.950),P＝0.040;after corrected with gender,age and smoking history OR＝2.309,95%CI(1.274, 4.185),P＝0.006],with statistical significance. The risk of lung cancer in individuals carrying GG genotype increased by 1.310 fold [OR＝1.310,95%CI(0.771,2.228),P＝0.318;after corrected OR＝1.429,95%CI(0.811,2.518),P＝0.217],without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS:rs25487 locus mutant heterozy-gosity of XRCC1 gene is risk factor of lung cancer in Han nationality from Northern Jiangsu,and smoking can increase the risk of lung cancer.

The current situation of the drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health centers:A case study of Anhui Province / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: To investigate the current situation of drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health institutions in Anhui province. Methods:Primary health institutions in Anhui province were selected as the main research subjects. One hundred and six (106) primary health institutions from three areas/districts in Anhui province namely northern Anhui,Central Anhui,and Southern Anhui were selected with stratified random sampling as the first sample,and 54 pharmaceutical producing enterprises and 62 pharmaceutical trading enterprises were selected with convenience sampling method as the second sample. The survey was conducted by issuing questionnaires to record views of the respondents to help understand the current situation of drug supply from the first sample and the main de-terminants and solutions of drug shortage from two samples. Results:13% of the primary health institutions still suffer from serious shortage of drug supply; the drug distribution rate varies greatly between units, and 19% of the primary health institutions have a drug distribution rate below 70%,and all primary health institution within the scope of inves-tigation experienced drug shortages. The frequency of choices of determinants of drug shortage were in sequence of or-der:drug demand instability (19.20%), drugs have a new and higher profit alternative (15.94%), etc.; The fre-quency of choices of solutions of drug shortage of primary health institution were in sequence of order:to improve the national list of essential medicines(12.78%),appropriate improvement in efficacy the low-priced varieties(with cura-tive effect) (12.03%),etc. Conclusions:Primary health institutions suffer from drug shortage issue widely,and the reasons for the shortage of drugs are more complicated;the government should continue to implement relevant policies, comprehensively improving the primary health institution drug supply mechanisms in all to prevent drug shortages.

Case report and literature review of neonatal hemolysis induced by anti-E and anti-Ec combined with anti-Fyb / 天津医药

Hemolytic diseases of newborn (HDN) can cause miscarriage, premature birth, fetal edema, fetal intrauterine anemia and even fetal death in early pregnancy. Neonatus with HDN can have jaundice, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, edema and nuclear jaundice sequelae. This article reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of two patients with HDN caused by anti-E and anti-Ec combined with anti-Fyb, and reviewed the relevant literature on the epidemilogy, the diagnosis and treatment of HDN in order to improve the understanding of the disease.

Clinical study of different sedative methods in critically ill patients after heart surgery / 天津医药

Objective To study the effect of light sedation and traditional sedation (moderate sedation with daily sedation interruption) on hemodynamic indexes and prognosis in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery. Methods A total of 134 patients who were ventilated delay after heart surgery in our hospital from January to June 2017 were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into light sedation group (RASS score-1-1, n=65) and traditional sedation group (RASS score -3--2, n=69). All patients received sufentanil for postoperative analgesia. The light sedation group received propofol and/or dexmedetomidine as sedative drugs after operation, and the conventional sedation group used midazolam for postoperative sedation. The hemodynamic indexes, the first time of weaning off the ventilator, the duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay were compared between the two groups. Patients with low cardiac output syndrome after surgery were analyzed in subgroups. Results (1) There were no significant differences in heart function, operative complications and other indicators between the two groups after surgery (all P＞0.05). The low cardiac output syndrome was found in 12 patients in the light sedation group and 10 cases in the traditional sedation group. (2) Hemodynamic monitoring results displayed that the sedation/central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2/ScvO2) and cardiac index (CI) were higher after sedation than before sedation in both groups (all P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (all P＞0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that the SvO2/ScvO2index was higher in patients with low cardiac output syndrome in the traditional sedative group than that in the light sedation group (P＜0.05). There was no difference in the SvO2/ScvO2 index in patients with non-low cardiac output syndrome between two groups. (3) Compared with the traditional sedation group, the first off-line time, the total mechanical ventilation after surgery and the ICU stay time were significantly shortened, and the incidence of postoperative delirium was decreased in the light sedation group (all P＜0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that in patients with non-low cardiac output syndrome, the first off-line time, total postoperative mechanical ventilation time and total ICU stay were significantly shorter in the light sedation group than those in the traditional sedation group (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in patients with low cardiac output syndrome between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Patients with non-low cardiac output syndrome after cardiac surgery benefit significantly from the superficial sedative strategy, and the postoperative mechanical ventilation time and ICU residence time are reduced. The moderate sedation may contribute to the early cardiac function recovery in patients with low cardiac output syndrome.

Influence of extract from fermented buckwheat flower and leaf in kidney injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To discuss the protective effects of extract from fermented buckwheat flower and leaf (EFBFL) on the kidney injury in the spontaneously obese type Ⅱ diabetic db/db mice,and to elucidate their possible action mechanisms from the protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in kidney tissue.Methods:The 8 weeks old male db/db mice were selected and the littermate db/m mice were used as normal control group;the db/db mice were randomly divided into model group,low dose of EFBFL group and high dose of EFBFL group,10 mice in each group.The mice in low and high doses of EFBFL groups were intragastrically given 50 and 100 mg · kg-1 EFBFL,and the mice in normal control group and model group were intragastrically given the equal amount of distilled water once daily for 8 weeks accordingly.The levels of fasting blood-glucose (FBG) of the mice in various groups were tested respectively before and after administration.Full automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of the mice,and the kidney index was calculated.The morphology of kidney tissue was observed by HE staining and Masson staining,and immunohistochemical method and Western blotting method were used to detect the expression levels of PPARγ and NF-κB protein in kidney tissue.Results:Compared with model group,the levels of FBG and the levels of serum SCr and BUN in EFBFL groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the kidney indexes were increased (P＜0.01).Compared with normal control group,the kidney glomerular of the mice in model group was weaked,glomerular basement membrane was diffusely thickened,the foot process was coalesced or disappeared,and the kidney tissue fibrosis was serious;compared with the model group,the above performance of the mice in EFBFL groups were improved in different degrees,especially in high dose of EFBFL group.Compared with model group,the expression levels of PPARγ in kidney tissue of the mice in EFBFL groups were increased (P＜0.01) and the expression levels of NF-κB in kidney tissue of the mice were decreased (P＜0.01).Conclusion:EFBFL can improve the kidney injury in the spontaneously obese type Ⅱ diabetic db/db mice,and its possible mechanism may be related to lowering the level of blood glucose,up-regulating the expression of PPARγ and down-regulating the expression of NF-κB in the kidney tissue of the mice.

Effects of extract from fermented buckwheat flower and leaf(EFBFL)on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To discuss the effectsof extract from fermented buckwheat flower and leaf(EFBFL) on myocardial injury in spontaneously obese type Ⅱ diabetic db/db mice and its mechanism.Methods 9-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into high level EFBFL dose group(EFBFL-H, 0.1 g·kg-1), low level EFBFL dose group(EFBFL-L, 0.05 g·kg-1),metformin hydrochloridecontrol group, model control group, and normal control group, with 10 mice in each group.All groups were treated with 8 wks of drugs by gastric perfusion.The random blood glucose(RBG) was tested respectively at the end of 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th wk.Finally, the levels of creatine kinase(CK) creatine kinase MB(CK-MB), andadvanced glycosylation endproducts(AGEs) were detected after 8 wks.The morphological changes of myocardium were observed under light microscope by HE staining, and the ultrastructure of myocardium was observed under electron microscope.Immunohistochemical method and Western blot were used to detect myocardial tissue glucose transporter-4(Glut-4).Results EFBFLcould repress patho-proceeding of myocardial fibrosis efficiently, and significantly decrease the level of blood glucose, CK,CK-MB, and AGEs in db/db mice.Meanwhile, it could increase the expression of Glut-4 in myocardial tissues of mice.Conclusions EFBFL can prevent myocardial injury in spontaneously obese type Ⅱ diabetic db/db mice.The possible mechanism may be related to lowering the level of blood glucose and serum AGEs and up-regulating Glut4of cardiac muscle.

HPV Prevalence and Subtypes Analysis of Women in Baoji and Xianyang Area of Shaanxi Province / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To provide reference for cervical cancer control by compare the HPV infection rate and distribution Xianyang and Baoji area.Methods Analysed HPV subtypes results of 1 356 cases in Baoji area and 7 708 cases in Xianyang area,and compared the age distribution,subtypes and positive rate of HPV infection in the women of the two areas.Results The HPV positive rate was 35.91% in Baoji area,and 32.14% in Xianyang area respectively.The most popular single subtype was HPV16,58,52 in the two areas.The dual-infection was most popular was HPV multiple infection in the two ar-eas.The HPV81 and HPV73 were not detected out in Baoji area,and all 23 HPV subtypes were detected out in Xianyang ar-ea.Conclusion The HPV infection rate in Baoji was higher than Xianyang(P<0.01).The high-risk HPV subtypes were same in the two areas.The HPV positive rate was high in all age groups.

Curative effect analysis on treatment of transabdominal extraperitoneal hernia sac exclusion for children with hernia / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To explore the treatment of children with hernia,and the advantage of transabdominal extraperitoneal hernia sac exclusion was analyzed.Methods A total of 102 patients in our hospital from January 2005 to January 2015 were randomly divided into 2 groups,55 cases who treated by the surgery of transabdominal extraperitoneal hernia sac exclusion were treatment group,47 cases who treated by the surgery of high ligation of the hernia sac throug the inguinal incision were control group.The operative time,length of hospital stay, length of incision,postoperative pain and hospitalization costs between two groups were compared.Results The effect of the treatment group was superior to the control group on operative time,length of incision and postoperative pain,the difference was significant(P <0.05).Con-clusion There are some advantages of more simplified operation,shorter time of the surgery,less complication,lower recurrence rate and more reliable curative effect in the treatment of transabdominal extraperitoneal hernia sac exclusion for children with hernia,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Optimizing concentration of bioactive glass that promotes early enamel caries remineralization / 天津医药

Objective To explore the optimum concentration of bioactive glass that promotes early enamel caries remineralization. Methods Fresh bovine incisors were selected and used for enamel specimen preparation. All specimens were randomly divided into two groups:micro hardness group and fluorescence group. Both groups were further divided into 3%, 6%and 9%groups. These specimens were placed in containers with demineralization liquid at 37℃for 72 hours. Then they were treat with 3%, 6%and 9%bioactive glass solution respectively twice a day for 5 minutes each. Samples in all three groups were dipped circularly into an artificial demineralization solution and an artificial saliva solution for 15 days. The mi?crohardness of enamel surface was measured before and after demineralization and remineralization. The different value of microhardness before and after remineralization was calculated. The thickness of fluorescence beneath the surface of early enamel caries was observed to evaluate the extend of remineralization effect. Results The difference in value of micro hard?ness in 6%group was the highest while that in 3%group was the lowest. The differences were significant. The difference in value of demineralization depth in 6%group was greater than those in 3%and 9%groups (P<0.05). There was no statistical?ly significance between those in 3%group and 9%group. Conclution The optimum concentration of bioactive glass solu?tion that promotes the remineralization of early enamel caries is 6%, which is ideal for remineralization of early enamel caries.

Effect of different placed time for vacutainer and specimen on electrolyte test results / 上海预防医学

Objective] To study the effect of different placed time for vacutainer and specimen on the results of emergency electrolyte detection . [ Methods] With heparin lithium anticoagulation tube and common coagulation vacuum tube , electrolytes were detected at 30 minutes,one hour and two hours af-ter extracting blood . [ Results] At 30 minutes and one hour after extracting blood ,the levels of K +and Na+of the plasma group were significantly lower than those of the serum group (P<0.05).With the ex-tension of specimen placed time , the levels of K +and Na +of the plasma group were becoming higher than those previously ,and at two hours the difference had statistical significance ( P<0 .05 ) .There was not ob-vious difference found in the levels of K +, Na +and Cl -of the serum group at different placed times ( P>0.05).But the levels of CO2 of both the plasma group and the serum group were significantly lower than those previously with the extension of specimen placed time , and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). [Conclusion] It is indicated that the using of different vacutainers effects electrolyte de-tection.With the extension of specimen placed time , the levels of K +and Na +of the plasma group increase gradually , and the levels of CO 2 of the plasma group and the serum group both decrease gradually .